Furnace In Bedroom Closet: Safe Or Not?

It is a common concern for homeowners and renters to wonder if it is safe to have a furnace in a bedroom closet. While some people have expressed worry about potential health risks, noise, and smells, others have pointed out that modern furnaces are high-efficiency units that vent exhaust gas directly outside, minimising any potential issues. In addition, a carbon monoxide detector can be purchased for added peace of mind.

Is it legal to have a furnace in a bedroom closet?

The legality of having a furnace in a bedroom closet depends on several factors, including the type of furnace, the location, and the applicable local codes and regulations. In general, it is not uncommon for furnaces to be placed in bedrooms or bedroom closets, but it is important to ensure that all safety requirements are met.

In the United States, for example, the Fuel Gas Code outlines the requirements for combustion appliances, including furnaces. According to Section 303.3 of the code, gas appliances are prohibited in storage closets and surgical rooms, or in spaces that only open to these rooms. However, there are exceptions to this rule. One exception is the installation of direct-vent appliances, which are constructed to draw combustion air directly from the outside and discharge exhaust gases directly outdoors. High-efficiency furnaces with a two-pipe system are a common example of this type of appliance. Another exception is the installation of specific appliances, such as vented room heaters or vented decorative appliances, in rooms that meet the required volume criteria of Section 304.5.

Additionally, it is important to consider local codes and regulations, as they may vary. For instance, in Minnesota, the mechanical codes and fuel gas codes are combined into a single book that can be easily referenced. In other states, specific requirements, such as those for unvented gas appliances, may differ.

To ensure compliance with all applicable codes and regulations, it is recommended to consult with a qualified professional, such as a home inspector or a contractor, who can guide you through the specific requirements for your location. They can also advise on any necessary modifications or installations, such as adding a solid weather-stripped, self-closing door to the closet or ensuring proper ventilation and air intake.

Furthermore, regardless of the legality of having a furnace in a bedroom closet, it is always essential to prioritize safety. Carbon monoxide detectors are crucial in any space with gas appliances, and some states even require rentals to have hardwired carbon monoxide detectors in or near bedrooms. Regular maintenance and inspections of the furnace and ventilation system are also important to mitigate potential health risks associated with carbon monoxide poisoning.

What are the safety concerns?

While it is generally legal and safe to install a gas appliance in a bedroom, there are several safety concerns to be aware of. Firstly, carbon monoxide poisoning is a serious risk associated with gas appliances. To mitigate this risk, it is essential to have a functioning carbon monoxide detector in the bedroom. This will alert you to any dangerous levels of carbon monoxide, allowing you to take appropriate action.

Another safety concern is the potential for gas leaks. While modern furnaces are designed to draw in outside air for combustion and exhaust fumes outside, there is still a risk of gas leaks during the operation of the furnace. Regular maintenance and inspections by qualified professionals can help to identify and address any potential issues that could lead to a gas leak.

Additionally, the presence of a furnace in a bedroom closet can impact the airflow and temperature distribution in the room. Proper ventilation and airflow are crucial to maintaining indoor air quality and preventing the buildup of moisture, which can lead to mould and mildew issues. Ensuring that the bedroom has adequate ventilation and that the furnace is properly maintained can help mitigate this concern.

Furthermore, the furnace may produce noise and vibrations during operation, which can be disruptive to sleep. While this may be less of a concern for individuals who are deaf or hard of hearing, it is still something to consider. Proper installation and regular maintenance can help minimise noise and vibrations, but it may not eliminate them entirely.

Lastly, there are specific requirements and regulations that must be followed when installing a furnace in a bedroom to ensure compliance with local codes and standards. These requirements can vary by location, so it is important to consult the applicable codes and seek guidance from qualified professionals to ensure that the installation meets all necessary safety standards.

What are the potential issues with noise?

Potential issues with noise from a furnace in a bedroom closet include the rumbling of the furnace itself and the whooshing sound of air rushing through the vents. The noise can be disruptive, especially if the closet is close to bedrooms or common areas. The noise from the furnace can be transmitted through ducting and the walls of the closet. The extent of the noise issue will depend on the type of furnace and the effectiveness of any soundproofing measures in place.

There are several ways to mitigate noise from a furnace in a bedroom closet. One way is to seal all gaps and cracks in the furnace room or closet to reduce sound transmission. This can be done using caulk, weatherstripping, and insulation. Another way to reduce noise is to add mass to the furnace closet or room by using mass-loaded vinyl (MLV) sheets on the walls or ceiling, adding extra layers of drywall, or installing a solid-core door. Damping compounds can also be applied between layers of drywall to absorb sound energy. Decoupling techniques, such as using resilient sound clips or specialised framing, can also help to reduce sound transmission.

In addition to these measures, soundproofing the furnace closet door and floor can further reduce noise. This can be done by sealing gaps in the door frame, installing an acoustic door sweep, and using MLV or acoustic panels on the door. For the floor, cork, foam, or rubber underlayment can be used to reduce noise transmission.

While it is not possible to completely soundproof a furnace in a bedroom closet, combining these soundproofing techniques can significantly reduce noise and create a more peaceful living environment.

What are the requirements to make it legal?

While it is legal and safe to install a gas appliance in a bedroom, there are several requirements that must be met to ensure compliance with the Fuel Gas Code. Here are the key requirements to make it legal:

• Direct Vent Installation: The appliance must be a direct-vent appliance, which means it is constructed and installed in such a way that all combustion air is drawn directly from the outside, and exhaust gases are discharged directly outdoors. This is a common feature in high-efficiency furnaces with a two-pipe system.
• Room Volume Criteria: The size of the room must meet the required volume criteria specified in Section 304.5 of the Fuel Gas Code. Specifically, you need 50 cubic feet of space for every 1,000 BTUs of the appliance. For example, a 30,000 BTU gas fireplace requires a room size of at least 1,500 cubic feet or 215 square feet of floor space with 7' ceilings.
• Separate Room with Weather-Stripped Door: If the furnace is installed in a room or space that opens into a bedroom, that room must serve no other purpose and must have a solid, weather-stripped door equipped with an approved self-closing device. Additionally, combustion air must be drawn directly from the outdoors as per Section 304.6 of the Fuel Gas Code.
• Carbon Monoxide Detectors: While not directly related to the legality of the furnace installation, it is highly recommended to install carbon monoxide detectors in the bedroom for safety. Some states even require rentals to have CO detectors in or near bedrooms.
• Local Building Codes: It is important to consult your local building codes and regulations to ensure compliance with any additional requirements or restrictions specific to your area. For example, certain states have code specifications that prohibit fuel-fired appliances in bedrooms unless they are fully sealed off or are direct-vent models.

By adhering to these requirements, you can ensure that the installation of a furnace in a bedroom closet is legal and safe.

What are the alternatives?

While it is generally safe to install a gas appliance in a bedroom, there are several alternatives to placing a furnace in a bedroom closet. Here are some options to consider:

• Direct-vent installation: One alternative is to install a direct-vent furnace. This means the furnace is constructed and installed so that it draws all its combustion air directly from the outside, and the exhaust gases are discharged directly outdoors. This can be achieved with a two-pipe system, which is common in high-efficiency furnaces. This option may require additional installation considerations to ensure proper ventilation.
• Separate room with ventilation: Another option is to place the furnace in a separate room that opens into the bedroom. This room should have a solid, weather-stripped, self-closing door to separate it from the bedroom. Additionally, combustion air needs to be added to this room, ensuring proper ventilation and meeting local code requirements.
• Vented gas appliances: If you choose to install a vented gas appliance, such as a vented room heater, wall furnace, or vented decorative appliance, ensure that you meet the required volume criteria. You need approximately 50 cubic feet of space for every 1,000 BTUs. Consult local codes and a professional to determine the appropriate size and placement of the appliance.
• Electric heating alternatives: Instead of a gas furnace, you could consider electric heating options such as heat pumps, baseboard heaters, or electric radiators. These alternatives do not produce combustion gases and can be placed in various locations without the same ventilation concerns as gas appliances.
• Centralised heating system: If possible, consider installing a centralised heating system that does not require a furnace in each room or closet. This could involve a boiler and radiator system or a heat pump system that distributes heated air through ducts. Consult with a professional to determine the most suitable option for your specific circumstances.
• Alternative fuel sources: Explore alternative fuel sources for your heating system, such as propane, solar power, or geothermal energy. Each option has unique considerations and requirements, so be sure to research and consult with experts in these fields to determine the best alternative for your needs.

Remember, when considering alternatives, it is crucial to prioritise safety and adhere to local codes and regulations. Consult with qualified professionals, such as HVAC specialists and home inspectors, to ensure that any modifications or installations are done correctly and comply with all applicable standards.

Frequently asked questions