Transforming Bedrooms: Mushroom Grow Room Conversion

Growing mushrooms in a bedroom is possible, but there are several factors to consider. Mushrooms require darkness, high humidity, and cool temperatures of 60-70°F (16-21°C). The room must be well-ventilated to prevent mould and mildew, and a humidifier is essential. Additionally, the grow room should have a floor drain and a hard, non-porous floor that is easy to clean and will not absorb water.

Before converting a bedroom into a mushroom grow room, it is important to plan the setup, including the volume of mushrooms to be grown and the equipment needed. The design should focus on controlling key growth parameters such as temperature, humidity, airflow, and light.

When choosing a bedroom for a mushroom grow room, consider the existing features of the room. Climate-controlled rooms with windows for exhaust and floors that can handle water spills are ideal. It is also important to ensure that the electrical system can handle the required equipment, and to use lightproofing techniques to block out external light sources.

Overall, with careful planning and the right equipment, it is possible to successfully convert a bedroom into a mushroom grow room.

Ventilation, airflow and temperature control

Ventilation, airflow, and temperature control are critical components of a mushroom grow room. Mushrooms require a constant supply of fresh air to maintain their metabolic processes. Therefore, proper airflow and ventilation are essential for a healthy growing environment.

To achieve this, you should consider installing an exhaust fan or a small oscillating fan to ensure adequate air circulation. This helps to prevent the buildup of carbon dioxide and provides fresh oxygen to the mushrooms. Additionally, a negative pressure system is advisable, where air is pulled out of the room and sent outside, maintaining a clean environment.

The right balance of CO2, temperature, humidity, and fresh air exchange (FAE) is crucial for optimal mushroom growth. FAE involves replacing stale, CO2-heavy air with fresh, oxygen-rich air. To maintain the right temperature, invest in a thermometer and adjust the temperature as necessary. Most mushroom species thrive in a temperature range of 60-75°F (15-24°C).

For winter temperature control, consider using wall-mounted eco-heaters on a thermostatic switch to control the temperature precisely. Aim to maintain a relative humidity of 80% and upwards, using a humidifier to monitor and regulate humidity levels. During the initial stages, maintain an 80-90% humidity level, reducing it to 60-70% as the mushrooms mature.

To ensure even air distribution, you can employ a water reservoir with a fogger, a waterproof fan, ducting, and a humidity sensor tied to a shelf. This setup will create a fine mist, providing a humid environment, and ensure an even spread of high-quality air throughout the room.

Finally, proper air ventilation and FAE can be achieved through the integration of various components, including a fresh air exchange fan, mushroom exhaust fan, laminar flow hood/cabinet, and well-designed ducting. These components work together to create a controlled, sterile, and well-ventilated environment for healthy mushroom development.

Lighting and climate control

Lighting is a critical component of successful mushroom cultivation. Mushrooms require a source of indirect light, and the right light spectrum is essential for healthy mushroom growth. Fluorescent and LED lights are commonly used for growing mushrooms due to their energy efficiency, low heat output, and affordability. Full-spectrum LED lights are particularly beneficial as they mimic natural sunlight, providing the necessary wavelengths for mushroom growth.

When converting a bedroom into a mushroom grow room, it is important to ensure sufficient lighting coverage and intensity. The number of lights needed will depend on the size of the room and the number of mushrooms being grown. For example, a bedroom can typically accommodate 450W to 540W LED grow lights or 600W HPS/MH grow lights for three to four plants.

In addition to lighting, climate control is crucial for mushroom growth. Most mushroom species thrive in a temperature range of 60–75 °F (15–24 °C) and high humidity. Invest in a thermometer and a humidifier to monitor and regulate the temperature and humidity levels in the grow room. Aim for an 80–90% humidity level during the initial stages, and reduce it to 60–70% as the mushrooms mature.

Proper airflow and ventilation are also essential for maintaining the ideal climate in the grow room. Install exhaust fans or oscillating fans to ensure adequate air circulation and prevent stagnant air, which can promote the growth of mould or bacteria. Additionally, consider using a carbon filter to ensure the incoming air is free of contaminants.

To maintain the optimal climate for mushroom growth, regular monitoring and adjustments are necessary. Check the temperature, humidity, and lighting conditions frequently, and make changes as needed. For example, if the humidity levels drop, use a spray bottle or a misting system to increase moisture.

By paying close attention to lighting and climate control, you can create an ideal environment for mushroom cultivation in your converted bedroom grow room.

Humidity and moisture

Mushrooms require high humidity levels to initiate the formation of primordia, which are small bumps that develop into mature mushrooms. In general, the ideal humidity level for growing mushrooms is between 80% and 90% Relative Humidity (RH). However, the specific humidity requirements may vary depending on the species of mushroom being cultivated. At a minimum, mushrooms should be kept above 70% RH.

To maintain the desired humidity levels, several methods can be employed:

• Misting Spray Bottles: One of the simplest and most cost-effective ways to increase humidity is by using spray bottles to mist the mushrooms and their surroundings. This method is suitable for growing smaller amounts of mushrooms. However, it may not be sufficient for large-scale cultivation as it requires manual labour and may not provide consistent humidity levels.
• Pond Misters: Pond misters are devices that spray a fine mist of water into the air, providing a more consistent level of humidity. They are often used in commercial mushroom cultivation but can be expensive and require a constant water supply.
• Fans: Placing fans in the growing area helps distribute moisture evenly and reduce the risk of condensation and mould growth. Fans are relatively inexpensive and easy to set up but should not be used in areas with extremely low humidity as they can cause mushrooms to dry out.
• Perlite: Perlite is a type of volcanic rock placed at the bottom of the mushroom growing container. Water is added to the perlite to create and maintain a humid environment. This method is practical and provides consistent humidity but can be messy and require frequent cleaning.
• Companion Planting: This method involves growing plants alongside mushrooms that require high humidity levels. It is a natural and cost-effective way to control humidity but requires selecting the right plants to ensure they do not compete with mushrooms for resources.
• Humidifiers: There are specific humidifiers designed for mushroom cultivation, such as ultrasonic, cool mist, and warm mist humidifiers. These can provide consistent humidity levels and are easy to set up and maintain.

To monitor humidity levels, growers can use humidity sensors, which can be digital or analog. These sensors help maintain the desired humidity range and maximise yields.

Additionally, factors such as temperature and ventilation play a crucial role in maintaining optimal humidity. High temperatures can cause a drop in humidity, so maintaining a temperature between 18-24°C is recommended. Proper ventilation and air circulation are also essential for optimal humidity levels.

Darkness and light exposure

Darkness During Mycelium Growth

Mycelium, the early stage of mushroom growth, typically occurs in complete darkness underground. Keeping the incubation phase in darkness is ideal, as this mimics the natural conditions in which mycelium thrives. Some sources suggest that indirect light is sufficient during this stage, but others argue that darkness is crucial to prevent unnecessary energy costs and potential contamination.

Light Exposure for Fruiting Bodies

Once the mycelium has developed, light becomes essential for the growth of healthy, mature fruiting bodies. Light acts as a critical environmental cue, triggering the development of these reproductive structures. The impact of light on mushrooms is multifaceted and varies across species. It influences the direction of growth, with phototropism causing mushrooms to grow towards the light source. Light also affects the size and morphology of the fruiting bodies, with certain species developing larger or more robust structures under the right lighting conditions. Additionally, specific light cycles can determine the timing of fruiting for some species.

Natural Light vs. Artificial Light

Mushrooms grown indoors require consistent and appropriate lighting. While natural daylight is ideal, it can be challenging to replicate these conditions indoors. LED grow lights have emerged as a popular solution, offering controlled light spectrums, energy efficiency, and long-lasting durability. These lights are specifically engineered to emit wavelengths that replicate natural daylight conditions, which is crucial for optimal mushroom growth. The ability to adjust light intensity and duration with LED lights is advantageous, as mushrooms require a finely tuned light cycle.

Specific Light Recommendations

When selecting lighting for your mushroom grow room, consider the following:

• Light Spectrum: Mushrooms thrive under blue light in the 400-500 nanometer wavelength range, especially during the fruiting stage.
• Energy Efficiency: LED lights are energy-efficient, minimising heat production and power consumption, which is crucial for maintaining optimal temperatures and avoiding heat stress on mushrooms.
• Light Intensity and Duration: Most mushroom varieties require minimal light, primarily to trigger the fruiting process. Adjustable settings for light intensity and duration allow for customisation to provide just enough light without overexposing the mushrooms.
• Distance of Lights: It is important to avoid excessive heating by maintaining an appropriate distance between the lights and the mushrooms. Placing the lights too close can result in overheating or burn damage, hindering fruiting body development.

Equipment and setup

The equipment and setup required for converting a bedroom into a mushroom grow room will depend on various factors, including the scale of your operation, the type of mushrooms you want to grow, and your budget. Here is a step-by-step guide to help you get started:

Step 1: Choose the Right Space

Select a cool, dark, and well-ventilated area for your mushroom grow room. A basement, spare bedroom, or large closet can be ideal. Ensure the space is clean and sterilized to prevent contamination.

Step 2: Control Temperature and Humidity

Maintain a temperature range of 60-75°F (15-24°C) for most mushroom species. Use a thermometer and a humidifier to monitor and regulate the environment. Aim for 80-90% humidity initially, reducing it to 60-70% as the mushrooms mature.

Step 3: Provide Lighting

Install fluorescent or LED lights to provide indirect lighting for about 12 hours daily. Ensure the lights are positioned to avoid overheating the mushrooms.

Step 4: Choose a Growing Medium

Select a growing medium such as straw, sawdust, or coffee grounds, depending on the type of mushroom you want to cultivate. Prepare the substrate according to specific instructions, ensuring proper sterilization and moisture content.

Step 5: Inoculate the Substrate

Introduce mushroom spawn or mycelium into your growing medium. Follow the instructions provided to distribute the spawn evenly.

Step 6: Maintain the Growing Environment

Regularly check the temperature, humidity, and lighting conditions. Ensure proper air circulation to prevent carbon dioxide buildup. Use a spray bottle or a misting system to water the substrate, monitoring moisture levels to avoid over-saturation.

Step 7: Harvesting and Enjoying

Depending on the species, mushrooms will take a few weeks to a few months to mature. Harvest them by gently twisting them at the base when the caps are fully developed.

Step 8: Prevent Contamination

To minimize contamination, maintain strict hygiene protocols. Use gloves and a face mask when handling the substrate and spawn. Keep the grow room closed to prevent airborne contaminants. Regularly sterilize tools and equipment.

Step 9: Ensure Proper Airflow and Ventilation

Install an exhaust or small oscillating fan to ensure adequate air circulation. This helps disperse humidity and provide fresh oxygen to the mushrooms.

Step 10: Pest Control

Inspect the grow room regularly for pests such as mites, flies, and slugs. Take immediate action if any are detected, using organic pest control methods or consulting a professional. Seal any openings or gaps to prevent pest ingress.

Step 11: Expansion and Scaling Up

Consider expanding your operation by adding shelves, racks, or containers. Research different mushroom species and growing techniques to enhance your skills.

Step 12: Continuous Learning and Experimentation

Stay curious and experiment with different techniques, substrates, and mushroom varieties. Join online forums or local groups to connect with fellow enthusiasts. Maintain detailed records of your cultivation process for future reference and improvement.

Step 13: Proper Disposal of Spent Substrate

After harvesting, properly dispose of the spent substrate by composting or using it as mulch to prevent contamination and unwanted fungal growth.

Step 14: Ongoing Care and Maintenance

Your mushroom grow room requires continuous care and maintenance. Regularly clean and sterilize the space, inspect equipment, and replace any worn-out components. Stay vigilant for pests and diseases, addressing them promptly to protect future crops.

Step 15: Scaling Up for Commercial Production

If you plan to turn your hobby into a commercial venture, research local regulations, market demand, and business strategies. Consider investing in larger-scale equipment and exploring efficient production systems and distribution channels.

Step 16: Explore Advanced Techniques

As you gain experience, explore advanced techniques such as agar culture, liquid culture, cloning, and fruiting chamber design to diversify your growing capabilities and improve efficiency.

Frequently asked questions