Staining Your Concrete Patio: A Step-By-Step Guide

Staining a concrete patio is a great way to add colour and style to your outdoor space. It's a simple and affordable DIY project that can transform the look of your home. There are several steps to staining a concrete patio, from choosing the right type of stain to preparing the concrete surface and applying the stain. You can choose from different types of concrete stains, such as topical, penetrating, acid-based, and water-based stains, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. Proper surface preparation is crucial, including cleaning, repairing cracks, and ensuring the concrete is porous enough to accept the stain. The application process involves using a sprayer, roller, or brush, and it may require multiple coats. After staining, a concrete sealer is typically applied to protect the finish. Staining a concrete patio can be a rewarding project that enhances the appearance of your outdoor space.

Choosing a concrete stain

When choosing a concrete stain for your patio, there are several factors to consider, such as the type of patio surface, the desired colour, and the amount of foot traffic. Here are some options to consider:

Topical Concrete Stains

Topical or film-forming stains are a common and inexpensive way to add colour to your patio. They form a thin, coloured coating on the surface of the concrete. While the initial cost may be attractive, topical stains will need to be reapplied every 1-2 years, and they cannot be touched up.

Penetrating Concrete Stains

Penetrating stains, on the other hand, soak into the pores of the concrete and provide colour without a film or coating. They produce varying levels of colour intensity and an attractive mottled look. Penetrating stains can be applied to any porous masonry, but they require a surface sealer, which adds to the project cost and time.

Concrete Acid Stains

Acid-based stains chemically react with the concrete to create a permanent bond, resulting in a longer-lasting and more durable colour. They produce varying colour patterns and intensities, but colour options are limited, mostly to earth tones, browns, and tans. Acid stains are toxic and can be difficult for DIYers to work with. They are also unforgiving, as the only way to fix mistakes is to grind down the floor and start over.

Penetrating Stain & Sealer Combos

Concrete stain and sealer combination products offer both colour and protection. They are easy to apply, durable, and cost-effective. An example of this type of product is LastiSeal Concrete Stain & Sealer, which provides a deep vibrant colour and protects the surface from water, salt, moulds, and deterioration.

When choosing a concrete stain, it is important to consider the specific needs and characteristics of your patio. For example, acid stains can only be applied to concrete and will not work on clay brick or pavers. If you desire a particular colour, take note that colour options are most plentiful for topical and penetrating sealers, while acid-stain colour options are limited. Finally, if your patio receives a lot of foot traffic, consider using a penetrating stain to minimise liability and the potential for slips.

Preparing the concrete surface

Next, repair any cracks in the concrete surface. Use a caulking gun and concrete crack sealant to fill in any gaps, then let the patch material dry for at least 24 hours. After it has cured, use a floor scrubber or sander to buff away any uneven patches and achieve a smooth finish. If there are any oil spots, use a degreaser and neutraliser, diluted 4 to 1, and rinse well.

If your concrete is coated in old sealers, paints, or adhesives, you will need to strip and remove them. You can use a paint stripper, followed by a sander, or a concrete crack sealant according to the product instructions. If you are using an acid-based stain, use a concrete etch and cleaner to prepare the surface, then rinse well.

Concrete must be porous enough to accept water. If the stain beads up on top of the concrete, you will need to sand the concrete to ensure the stain will soak in properly. Tape around the edges of the floor and hang plastic sheets or tarps to protect the walls.

Applying the stain

Before applying the stain, it is important to test it on a small, inconspicuous area of the patio to ensure that the colour is as desired and that the stain sets properly. If the stain is not absorbed and forms a film on the surface, this indicates that the concrete has not been prepared effectively.

When applying the stain, it is best to use a hand-pump sprayer, as this will provide an even, natural look without roller or brush marks. Keep a brush, roller, or sponge at hand to deal with any areas where the stain is not absorbing quickly enough. The number of coats applied will depend on the type of stain used. Penetrating stains can be applied in one, two, or three applications, depending on how quickly the stain is absorbed. In contrast, topical stains often require two coats to achieve the best results.

When using a sprayer, apply the stain in broad, even rows, slightly overlapping each pass to maintain a wet edge. Use a paint roller and paintbrush to stain the smaller areas or corners missed by the sprayer. If a darker colour is desired, a second coat can be applied after an hour.

If an acid-based stain is used, a neutralising agent should be applied once the desired colour has developed to stop the chemical reaction. Allow the stain to dry for at least 24 hours, or as per the manufacturer's instructions.

Removing residue

Before beginning the cleaning process, it is important to remove all items from the patio and clear the surrounding area. This includes furniture, grills, and planters. It is also recommended to hang drop cloths to protect windows and door frames, as concrete pieces can fly up to 50 feet during the removal process. Ensure you are wearing protective gear, such as gloves, a hard hat, sturdy shoes, and eyewear.

Once the area is prepared, you can start by sweeping away any loose dirt, debris, or leaves. It is important to cover nearby plants or landscaping with a tarp to protect them. You can use a broom or a leaf blower for this step.

The next step is to address any water stains, mould, or mildew on the concrete. Use a garden hose or a pressure washer to remove these stains. If the stains persist, create a solution of 3/4 cup bleach and 1 gallon of water. Wearing rubber gloves and protective eyewear, scrub the stained area with a brush. Remember to rinse the area thoroughly with clean water afterward. Ensure that the patio is completely dry before proceeding to the next step.

For grease and oil stains, you can use absorbents like sawdust, cornstarch, or baking soda. Sprinkle the absorbent on the stain to soak up any spills. You can also create a cleaning paste by mixing baking soda with a small amount of water. Gently scrub the paste into the stain and let it sit for 30 to 60 minutes before washing it away or sweeping up any remaining powder. If the oil stain is old, it may have penetrated the surface. In this case, try using a degreaser specifically designed for concrete patios, following the manufacturer's instructions.

To remove rust stains, white vinegar is an effective and eco-friendly solution. Spray the vinegar directly onto the stain and let it sit for less than an hour to penetrate deep stains. Use a stiff-bristle brush to scrub the stain, working in the direction of the original surface to avoid scratches. Rinse the area with water and allow it to dry. If the stain persists, repeat the process or consider using a concrete rust remover.

For a more general cleaning solution, a mixture of dish soap and water can be effective for greasy and grimy concrete. Create a cleaning solution by mixing a few drops of dish soap with warm water. Apply the solution to the surface and let it sit for a while before mopping and rinsing with fresh water. Repeat this process as needed until the patio is thoroughly cleaned.

After completing the above steps, you can use a concrete cleaner or degreaser to address any remaining stubborn marks or discolouration. These products are typically made from concentrated alkaline soap and are designed to loosen oil and lift stains. However, they may not be as effective on old stains.

If your concrete patio has any existing coatings, such as sealants, paints, adhesives, or other coatings, it is important to strip and remove them before staining. Use a concrete crack sealant to fill any gaps along the floor, following the product instructions. Allow the sealant to dry completely, usually for at least 24 hours. Then, use a floor scrubber to buff away any uneven patches.

For acid staining, it is recommended to use a concrete etch and cleaner to prepare the surface. Rinse the patio with clean water to remove any residue from the etching process.

Finally, check that the concrete is porous enough to accept water. Dense concrete surfaces may require mechanical preparation or sanding to ensure that the stain will soak in properly. You can test this by sprinkling water on the surface and observing if it beads up.

By following these steps, you can effectively remove residue and prepare your concrete patio for staining. Remember to always wear protective gear and work in a well-ventilated area when handling cleaning chemicals.

Applying a finishing sealer

Once you have stained your concrete patio, you will want to seal it to protect the final look of your concrete stain. Sealant helps the concrete tolerate foot traffic, stains, and anything else your patio might be exposed to.

Concrete sealers protect the finish of your stained concrete. It is recommended to test the sealer on a small area before application. Use a clear sealer to enhance the depth of colour and to repel dirt, water, and environmental wear. Choose a concrete sealer that offers the right amount of gloss and durability for your needs.

Allow the stain to cure for a full 24 hours, then spread the sealer along the floor as directed on the label. Drying time for the sealer can vary depending on environmental conditions. Plan on two days for it to completely harden.

Consider using a concrete floor polish to help reduce slipping and scuffing. Concrete floor polish is basically acrylic wax for the floor. It is not a substitute for a sealant.

Frequently asked questions