Building A Spec Pool: An In-House Guide

how to build spec pool in house

Building a pool in your house is a challenging task that requires careful planning and execution. It involves several steps, from obtaining the necessary permits and choosing the right location to excavating, installing plumbing and electrical connections, and finally, filling the pool with water and treating it with chemicals. The process can be costly and time-consuming, but the end result can be a great addition to your home.

Characteristics Values
Cost $700 to $125,000
Time required 8 to 12 weeks
Difficulty Expert
Tools Heavy-duty digging equipment, pickax or sledgehammer, steel supports (if using concrete), pump and filter system
Permits Residential building permit, electrical permit, separate electrical permit
Location Backyards, to the side of the house, or anywhere with enough space
Design Round, square, or rectangular; 10 x 20 feet, 15 x 30 feet, or 20 x 40 feet; 4–15 feet deep
Materials Concrete, fiberglass, or vinyl
Contractor Licensed and with experience
Foundation Levelled ground with gravel subsoil
Walls Steel-reinforced rebar skeleton
Plumbing Drain, skimmers, valves, and pump
Electricity Wired by a professional to power filtration system and underwater lighting

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Planning and design

Step 1: Obtain Necessary Permits:

Before starting any construction, ensure you have the required residential building permits. Check your local Department of Building and Safety website for permit applications and specific requirements. Don't forget to review your neighbourhood's homeowners association guidelines, as some neighbourhoods may have restrictions or prohibitions on pool installations. Additionally, you may need separate electrical permits for inground wiring.

Step 2: Choose a Suitable Location:

Select an optimal location for your pool, considering factors such as sun exposure, proximity to trees or fencing, and visibility from your home. Check local zoning laws and underground utility lines to avoid unexpected costs or complications. Ensure easy access for excavation equipment and consider wind blockage and vulnerability to flooding.

Step 3: Design the Pool:

Decide on the type of pool (concrete, vinyl, or fibreglass) and the desired shape (round, square, or rectangular). Consider the depth, number of entrances, and additional features like lighting or water features. If you plan for an above-ground pool, choose between a stand-alone or built-in option.

Step 4: Create a Detailed Plan:

Take precise measurements and mark the exact location of the pool. Identify potential obstacles like tree roots and utility lines. Determine specific features such as pool depth and the number and type of entrances and exits. Consider seeking professional help to ensure nothing is overlooked.

Step 5: Finalise Your Budget and Financing:

Determine how you will finance the pool construction. Consider paying in cash or explore options like home equity loans, home equity lines of credit (HELOC), cash-out refinance, personal loans, or contractor/manufacturer financing.

Step 6: Prepare for Excavation:

Mark the pool layout on the ground, and ensure any buried utility lines are also marked to avoid damage. Perform soil tests to ensure the soil is suitable and uniform for supporting the pool. Prepare for the removal of excess dirt generated during excavation.

Step 7: Plan for Utilities:

Consider the necessary plumbing and electrical connections. Decide on the placement of the equipment pad for the pump and filter systems. If you plan to include extra components like lighting or water features, factor in the additional installation time.

Step 8: Choose the Pool Shell:

Opt for a gunite (sprayed concrete) pool with a steel-reinforced rebar skeleton, or a quicker-to-install vinyl or fibreglass shell created off-site. Ensure you allow adequate time for the concrete to set, which can take about a month.

Step 9: Finalise Customisation:

Decide on any finishing touches, such as a deck, landscaping, or decorative elements. Consider extra features like zero-entry points, waterfalls, hot tubs, lighting, or stones. Keep in mind that additional features will impact the overall cost and installation time.

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Permits and regulations

Building a pool inside your house is a complex process that requires careful planning and adherence to local regulations and permits. Failing to obtain the necessary permits can result in heavy penalties, including fines and, in some cases, the removal of the pool. Thus, it is essential to understand the permits and regulations that apply to your specific location before initiating any construction work.

In most places, you will need a residential building permit to start work on your pool. This applies to both inground and above-ground pools. Additionally, some localities may require an electrical permit if your pool includes lighting or a pump and filtration system. If you plan to install a gas pool heater, you may also need a mechanical permit. Furthermore, certain locations, such as Michigan, may require additional permits, including soil and erosion permits, DEQ permits, and fence permits.

To determine the specific permits needed for your project, it is crucial to contact your local Homeowner's Association (HOA) or municipal authority. Each town and city has its own unique set of permit requirements, and failing to obtain the necessary permits can result in costly consequences. Some HOAs may not allow pool construction due to noise and safety concerns, so it is essential to consult with them before beginning any work. Additionally, your municipal authority can guide you on the specific department responsible for issuing permits, which may vary depending on your location.

When applying for permits, you may need to provide detailed documentation, including building plans, zoning setbacks, and local ordinances. A plot plan, dig plan, and panel layout may also be required. Obtaining these documents may involve hiring a pool builder or contractor, as they can assist with the necessary drawings and specifications. It is also important to be aware of any utility easements that may impact your construction plans.

In addition to permits, it is essential to consider the impact of your pool on your property taxes and home insurance. Pools are typically considered high-risk features, which can lead to increased insurance rates. While your property value may increase, potentially offsetting these costs, it is crucial to factor in these ongoing expenses when planning your pool project.

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Choosing a pool type

There are several factors to consider when choosing the type of pool you want to build. These include budget, intended use, available space, and maintenance requirements. Here is an overview of some common pool types to help you make an informed decision:

Above-Ground Pools

Above-ground pools are generally the most economical option and can be easily assembled and dismantled. They come in various shapes and sizes, making them suitable for small yards. The national average for installing an above-ground pool is about $3,000, but additional features such as decking can increase the cost. Above-ground pools require regular maintenance, including water chemistry management, filtering, and cleaning.

In-Ground Pools

In-ground pools are permanent structures built directly into the landscape and can be made of concrete, fiberglass, or vinyl liners. Concrete pools offer the most customization options but are typically the most expensive and have a longer construction duration. Fiberglass pools are more flexible and a good choice for earthquake-prone areas. Vinyl-liner pools are constructed with panel walls and a custom-made liner, offering some design flexibility. In-ground pools can be designed to fit the landscape and offer various accessories, such as diving boards and water features. However, they are typically more costly, with national averages ranging from $20,000 to over $100,000. Maintenance for in-ground pools can be time-consuming and may require several hours of weekly water and filter upkeep.

Specialty Pools

Specialty pools include lap pools, infinity pools, and natural pools. Lap pools are long and narrow, designed specifically for swimming laps, and ideal for small yards. Infinity pools feature a vanishing-edge design, often used to highlight a view, but are costly to build and maintain. Natural pools combine swimming areas with water gardens and use plants as a natural cleaning system. They offer design flexibility but require careful maintenance of water chemistry and plant life balance.

Pool Types by Intended Use

The type of pool you choose should align with your intended use. If you're looking for a pool primarily for relaxation and entertainment, consider a spool (a combination of spa and pool) or a hot tub/spa. Spools offer a smaller, more affordable option with the option of adding directional jets for swimming. Hot tubs and spas are small, heated pools perfect for relaxation and hydrotherapy. For fitness enthusiasts, lap pools and swim spas with water jets provide excellent options. If you're seeking a pool for your children to play in, a kiddie pool or a small above-ground pool might be ideal.

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Selecting a location

Space and Size:

The size of your indoor space will impact the location and design of your pool. If you have a small area, your options are limited, and you will likely want the pool near or next to the house. This may influence other design choices, such as opting for a geometric shape and materials that complement your home's exterior.

If you have a large indoor space, you have more flexibility. You can choose to build the pool closer to the house or create a separate space with its own unique design. Regardless of the size, ensure you have sufficient leisure space around the pool for additional features like a hot tub, patio, or diving board.

Level Surface:

An indoor pool should be built on a level surface. Constructing a pool on a slope will require a retaining wall, which can be costly. A level surface is also important for safety, as an incline increases the risk of slipping and falling, especially for children.

Sunlight and Shade:

Maximizing direct sunlight is crucial for heating the pool naturally and creating a pleasant swimming environment. Map out the areas in your indoor space that receive the most sunlight throughout the day. Avoid locations that may be shaded by your home or large trees, as this will impact water temperature and swimming comfort.

Wind Shelter:

Select a location sheltered from the wind to prevent excessive water evaporation and provide a more comfortable swimming experience.

Safety and Supervision:

If you have children or pets, consider a location that allows for easy supervision. This may mean installing the pool closer to your living area or in a spot with a clear line of sight from the house. A pool cover is another safety feature to consider.

Accessibility and Regulations:

Ensure that your chosen location is accessible for construction equipment and compliant with local building codes and regulations. Verify property lines, and be mindful of any buried utility lines.

Proximity to Pump:

The location of the pool relative to the filter pump is important. The further the pool is from the pump, the harder it has to work. Aim to keep the distance between the pool and the pump house to a minimum.

Surrounding Area:

Consider the flooring and aesthetics of the area surrounding the pool. Wooden decking provides a non-slip surface when properly maintained, while tiles should have a rough texture to reduce the risk of falling. Ensure you have sufficient space around the pool for lounge chairs, sofas, and other leisure amenities.

When selecting the location for your indoor pool, carefully consider these factors to make an informed decision that suits your specific needs and preferences.

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Building and installation

Building a pool is no easy feat and requires careful planning and execution. Here is a step-by-step guide to building and installing a pool:

Planning and Preparation:

  • Familiarize yourself with local building regulations and obtain any necessary permits. Most towns require residential building permits, and failing to obtain them can result in fines.
  • Choose the type of pool you want, such as concrete, vinyl, or fiberglass, and decide on any additional features like lighting or water features.
  • Pick a suitable location for your pool, ensuring it complies with zoning laws and is easily accessible for excavation equipment.
  • Create a detailed plan for your pool, including measurements, marking the location, and identifying any potential blockages like tree roots.
  • Decide on your budget and how you will finance the project, whether through loans, personal funds, or other means.

Construction:

  • Mark the pool layout on the ground, ensuring any underground utility lines are identified and marked to avoid damage during excavation.
  • Begin excavating the site using heavy-duty machinery like a backhoe. Ensure the bottom surface of the pool is levelled and graded.
  • Install steel supports to frame the walls of the pool. This step may require an additional contractor if your builder is not licensed for this work.
  • Install plumbing and electrical connections, including power and water lines, and build an equipment pad for the pump and filter systems.
  • Install the pool shell. For concrete pools, this involves setting up a steel-reinforced rebar skeleton and spraying concrete. For vinyl or fiberglass pools, the shell is created off-site and then installed.

Finishing Touches and Inspection:

  • Build a surface-level deck around the pool and apply the desired finish, such as stone or tile.
  • Add any desired landscaping or decorative features, such as waterfalls, lighting, or decks.
  • Contact your local municipality to arrange a final inspection to ensure your pool meets all codes and standards.
  • Once approved, fill the pool with water and treat it with chemicals to maintain water quality and cleanliness.

Building a pool is a complex and challenging project, and it is recommended to hire professionals to ensure the process goes smoothly and complies with all regulations.

Frequently asked questions

Yes, most towns and cities require a residential building permit to construct a pool. It is also important to do sufficient research on local zoning laws, safety regulations, and any other necessary permits to avoid fines.

There are concrete, vinyl, and fiberglass pools, and each comes in round, square, or rectangular shapes. The different types have their pros and cons: fiberglass is low maintenance but not as customizable, while concrete is higher maintenance and more expensive but fully customizable. Vinyl is often the least costly option but needs more frequent repairs.

Choosing an optimal location is one of the most important parts of swimming pool construction. The location will depend on the pool's distance from the home, the presence of any trees or fencing, and any local zoning laws.

Building a pool can cost anywhere between $700 to $125,000. The price varies based on residential location, soil conditions, water circulation system, and the pool's type and size.

Building a pool is a difficult and potentially dangerous project. Homeowners who don’t have pool construction experience will likely need to hire a pool installation professional to perform some, if not all, of the job.

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