Exterior Concrete Stair Painting: A Step-By-Step Guide

Painting exterior concrete stairs is a great way to refresh the look of your home and protect the concrete from wear and tear. Concrete is a porous material that absorbs water, which can lead to cracking and chipping. By painting your concrete stairs, you can add a layer of protection and improve the overall appearance of your home. In this guide, we will cover the necessary steps to paint your exterior concrete stairs, including preparation, paint selection, and application techniques. We will also discuss the importance of using the right tools and primers to ensure a long-lasting and aesthetically pleasing finish.

Clean concrete stairs thoroughly, removing dirt, grease, moss, and old paint

Before painting your exterior concrete stairs, it is important to clean them thoroughly to ensure the paint adheres properly. Start by removing any dirt, debris, or loose particles from the stairs using a broom or an electric blower. If there are any plants, toys, or furniture nearby, make sure to remove or cover them.

Once the area is cleared, you can begin treating the stairs to remove any grease, moss, or old paint. Here are some methods to tackle each of these:

Removing Grease Stains:

For topical grease stains, you can use a surface cleaner designed to remove grease, such as a degreaser. Apply the product according to the instructions, making sure to protect the surrounding areas and only applying during the appropriate weather conditions (above freezing). You can use a cleaning brush, mop, low-pressure sprayer, or pressure washer for application. Rinse the surface with water after treatment.

For more embedded grease stains, you may need to use a poultice-like product specifically designed to remove oil and grease stains. Apply the poultice directly to the stain and let it dry. Then, simply sweep or brush away the dried product.

Removing Moss:

To remove moss from concrete, you can use vinegar, a bleach solution, or a commercial moss killer. Mix one part vinegar with one part warm water in a spray bottle and apply it directly to the moss. Allow the solution to sit for about 30 minutes. The vinegar will kill and loosen the moss, making it easier to clean. You can then use a power washer or a scrub brush to remove the moss. If using a scrub brush, wet the area first and scrub back and forth to loosen and remove the moss.

Removing Old Paint:

There are various methods to remove old paint from concrete, including chemical, mechanical, and heat-based techniques. Choose a method that is suitable for the type of paint you are dealing with (e.g., acrylic, epoxy, latex, or oil-based).

Chemical Methods:

• Paint Stripper: Apply a paint stripper designed for concrete surfaces, following the manufacturer's instructions. Scrape off the loosened paint and clean the surface with water or a neutralizing solution.
• Acetone: Pour acetone directly onto the paint stain, let it sit for a few minutes, and then scrub with a stiff-bristled or wire brush. Rinse with water and repeat if needed.
• Citrus-Based Solutions: Apply a citrus-based solution to the paint, let it sit for the recommended time, scrub with a stiff brush, and rinse with water.
• Soy-Based Paint Removers: Apply a soy-based remover generously and let it work for several hours or overnight. Scrape off the loosened paint and clean with water and a mild detergent.
• Vinegar: Warm up some white vinegar and pour it over the paint stain. Let it sit for 15 minutes, scrub with a wire brush, and rinse with water. Repeat if necessary.

Mechanical Methods:

• Grinding and Sanding: Use an angle grinder fitted with a diamond wheel to grind or sand away the paint. Wear appropriate safety gear, including a respirator and eye protection.
• Pressure Washing: Set up a pressure washer with a 15-degree nozzle and adjust the pressure to 2,500–3,000 PSI. Hold the nozzle about 12 inches from the surface and move it back and forth over the paint. Increase pressure or move the nozzle closer for stubborn areas, but be cautious to avoid damaging the concrete.

Heat-Based Methods:

• Hot Water Extraction: Heat water to just below the boiling point and pour it over the paint stain. Cover the area with a hot, wet towel and let it sit for several minutes to soften the paint. Then, scrub with a wire brush or pressure wash to remove the loosened paint.
• Heat Gun: Set a heat gun to a medium-high setting and hold it about 3–4 inches from the painted surface. Move the gun slowly over the paint until it begins to bubble. Scrape off the softened paint with a putty knife and clean the surface with a wire brush and soapy water. Be careful not to overheat the concrete to avoid damage or cracking.

After removing dirt, grease, moss, and old paint, make sure to rinse the stairs with clean water and allow them to dry completely before proceeding with painting.

Ensure concrete is dry and free of cracks and flaking paint before painting

Painting your exterior concrete stairs is a great way to transform the look of your home. Before you begin, it's important to ensure that your concrete surface is properly prepared for painting. This includes making sure the concrete is dry, free of cracks, and any flaking paint is removed.

Start by performing a moisture test to check if your concrete is dry. Tape a piece of clear plastic to one of the steps and leave it for 24 hours. If you notice condensation on the underside of the plastic, your concrete needs more time to dry. The drying time can vary depending on the temperature and humidity, so it's best to allow for a longer drying period if necessary.

Once the concrete is dry, you can begin the process of crack repair. For larger cracks, use a cement or epoxy concrete filler to fill in the voids. After filling, allow the product to dry for about 24 hours. Then, use an orbital sander with 120-grit wet/dry sandpaper to smooth out the patches and create a uniform surface.

If there is any flaking or peeling paint on the concrete, it's important to remove it before proceeding. Use a wire brush or a nylon bristle brush to scrub off the loose paint. Sweep or vacuum the paint chips and dust to ensure a clean surface.

After the concrete is dry, crack-free, and free of flaking paint, you can proceed with the next steps in the painting process, including priming and painting your exterior concrete stairs.

By properly preparing your concrete stairs and ensuring they are dry, crack-free, and free of flaking paint, you will achieve a smoother and more durable finish.

Prime the concrete with a concrete bonding primer to create a smooth surface for paint

Priming the concrete before painting is essential. It creates a smooth, protective surface for the paint to adhere to, making the painting process easier. Concrete is naturally porous and absorbs water, which can lead to paint peeling and other issues. By using a concrete bonding primer, you can seal the concrete and create an even base for your paint.

Before priming, ensure your concrete stairs are thoroughly cleaned and dried. Remove any dirt, debris, or old paint, and fill in any cracks or gaps with cement or masonry caulk. Allow the repairs to dry completely before proceeding.

When choosing a primer, opt for a product specifically designed for concrete, such as a concrete bonding primer or a cement primer. These primers are formulated to penetrate the concrete's pores and create a smooth surface. Apply the primer with a paintbrush along the edges and corners of the stairs, then use a roller for larger areas. Allow the primer to dry for at least two hours, and consider applying a second coat for the best results.

Once the primer is dry, you can move on to the painting stage. Select a paint designed for concrete use, such as elastomeric paint, which allows for moisture evaporation and flexibility. Apply the paint following the same method as the primer, allowing it to dry completely between coats.

By taking the time to properly prime your exterior concrete stairs, you will ensure a smooth and durable finish that will enhance the appearance of your home.

Choose the right type of paint for concrete, such as elastomeric paint or epoxy-based paint

Painting exterior concrete stairs can be a challenging task, but choosing the right type of paint is crucial for achieving a durable and aesthetically pleasing finish. Here are some detailed instructions and considerations for selecting the appropriate paint for your project:

Elastomeric Paint:

Elastomeric paint is a highly durable option for exterior concrete stairs. It forms a tough, flexible film that provides a waterproof coating, making it resistant to sunlight, heat, cold, and wind-driven rain. This paint can be applied to concrete surfaces and is particularly effective for filling and repairing hairline cracks in masonry. Elastomeric paint is typically more expensive than standard house paints and may require additional coats for optimal results. It is essential to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper application and drying times.

Epoxy-Based Paint:

Epoxy-based paints offer high durability and stain resistance, making them an ideal choice for exterior concrete stairs. They are designed to withstand heavy traffic, chemicals, oil, and gasoline spills. Epoxy paints provide a satin finish that resists scuffing, fading, cracking, peeling, and blistering. However, they tend to be more expensive than other options and offer a limited range of colours. When using epoxy-based paint, ensure proper ventilation and follow safety precautions due to the strong fumes associated with this type of paint.

Other Considerations:

Before painting exterior concrete stairs, it is crucial to prepare the surface thoroughly. Clean the stairs with a degreaser and a nylon bristle brush to remove any dirt, grease, or residue. Allow ample drying time, typically 48 to 72 hours, before proceeding. Concrete is highly porous, so it is essential to use a concrete or masonry primer to ensure the paint adheres properly. You can apply the primer with a paintbrush for edges and corners, followed by a paint roller for larger areas. Two coats of primer are recommended for the best results.

Additionally, consider adding an additive to the paint, such as a non-skid floor finish, to reduce the risk of slips, especially if the stairs tend to get wet. Always follow the manufacturer's instructions for application techniques, drying times, and safety precautions when working with any type of paint or primer.

Apply paint with a roller or brush, and consider adding a non-skid finish to prevent slipperiness

When it comes to applying paint to your exterior concrete stairs, you have a choice of tools: a roller or a brush. If you opt for a roller, choose a synthetic roller with a nap that's thick enough to penetrate the pores of the concrete effectively. If you prefer to use a brush, select a tough nylon brush that can withstand the gritty texture of the concrete without getting damaged.

Before you begin painting, ensure that the stairs are completely dry. Concrete is porous and will absorb water, so it's crucial to give it ample time to dry. Fresh concrete needs to cure for 30 to 60 days before painting. You can test the dryness by taping a piece of clear plastic to one of the steps and checking for condensation after 24 hours. If the underside of the plastic is wet, the concrete needs more drying time.

Once the concrete is dry, start applying the paint with your chosen tool. Work from the top of the stairs downward. If using a roller, apply the paint in long, even strokes, ensuring each section is adequately covered. If using a brush, start by painting along the edges and corners, then fill in the larger areas. Allow the paint to dry completely between coats, and plan for two to four coats for the best results.

To enhance the safety of your painted stairs, consider adding a non-skid finish to prevent slipperiness. Concrete can become slick when wet, increasing the risk of accidents. You can mix an additive, such as a non-skid floor finish, into your paint to create a gritty texture similar to sandpaper. This additive will not only make your stairs safer but will also be virtually invisible.

Frequently asked questions