Sealing Manufactured Concrete Patios: Easy Steps For Longevity

how to seal manufactured concrete patio

Sealing a concrete patio is an important step to ensure it lasts a lifetime. Concrete is porous and will absorb water if left unsealed, leading to freeze-thaw damage and discolouration. Sealing concrete patios will enhance and intensify the colour, protect it from stains and moisture absorption, and make it easier to clean. Concrete sealer is typically applied to dry surfaces, and the concrete should be allowed to cure for at least a month before sealing. The best time to seal a concrete patio is when the temperature is between 50 and 90 degrees Fahrenheit.

Characteristics Values
When to seal Seal after the concrete has cured for at least 28-30 days
How often to seal Every couple of years
Sealing process Clean the surface, test for sealer, strip the existing sealer, apply the first coat, apply the second coat, allow for drying
Tools Paint roller, pump-up sprayer, brush, garden sprayer, caulk gun, putty knife, stiff-bristle brush, painter's tape, long-handled scraper, shop vacuum
Safety precautions Wear chemical-proof gloves and protective eyewear, ensure good ventilation
Temperature Ensure temperature is between 40-90°F during application and drying

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How to prepare the surface of your concrete patio for sealing

Preparing the surface of your concrete patio for sealing is a crucial step in ensuring the sealant adheres correctly and your patio is protected. Here is a step-by-step guide on how to prepare your concrete patio for sealing:

Step 1: Clean the Surface

Thoroughly sweep the patio to remove any dirt and debris. Use a putty knife and a stiff brush to scrape away any grease, oil, mastic, or paint. Choose a suitable cleaner for the type of stains you have; for instance, a degreaser is ideal for removing grease or oil. Follow the manufacturer's instructions when applying the cleaner. It is important to remove all stains, as they will show through the new sealer if left untreated. After removing the stains, mop the patio with floor cleaner and water, then use a shop vacuum to remove any remaining water and debris. Allow the surface to dry for 24 hours.

Step 2: Repair Cracks and Pitting

Fill in any cracks or pitting with a concrete crack sealer. Smooth the sealer with a putty knife and allow it to dry according to the manufacturer's instructions.

Step 3: Test for Existing Sealer

If your patio has been previously sealed, you will need to remove the old sealer before applying a new one. To check if your patio has been sealed, pour a cup of water onto the concrete. If the water beads up and stays on the surface, it has been sealed. If it soaks into the concrete, it hasn't been treated.

Step 4: Remove Existing Sealer

You can use sandblasting to remove the old sealer, but this requires experience as it can damage the concrete if done incorrectly. An alternative method is to use a chemical stripper. Chemical strippers are acid-based, so caution is advised. Wear protective clothing, gloves, and eyewear as per the manufacturer's instructions. There are also less toxic, environmentally friendly options made from soy or citrus that break down the existing sealer, but these take longer to work.

Step 5: Strip the Existing Sealer

Use a 1-inch nap roller or a handheld airless paint sprayer to spread a thick coat of the stripper onto the concrete. Refer to the manufacturer's instructions for how long to leave the stripper on before removing it.

Step 6: Scrape the Surface

Use a long-handled scraper to remove any bubbles or crinkled areas that have formed on the surface. Dispose of the sludge appropriately, contacting your local waste center for guidance.

Step 7: Clean and Dry

Scrub the patio with trisodium phosphate (TSP) and water, then use a shop vacuum to remove the remaining water. Allow the surface to dry for at least 24 hours before proceeding to seal your concrete patio.

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The best tools to use when applying sealer to your concrete patio

Sealing your concrete patio is a great way to protect it from the elements and keep it looking great for years to come. Here are the best tools to use when applying sealer to your concrete patio:

Paint Roller

A paint roller is a versatile tool that can be used to apply both water- and solvent-based sealers. Look for a roller with a nap thickness between 1/4" and 3/8" for best results. This method is ideal for textured or stamped concrete, as the roller can work the sealer into the depressions effectively. For the best finish, apply two thin coats of sealer with a roller, ensuring uniform coverage.

Pump-Up or Low-Pressure Sprayers

These sprayers are perfect for applying one-part, solvent-based sealers with a solids content below 35%. They are easy to use and can help you seal large areas quickly. Just be sure to choose a sprayer that can handle solvents, and remember to clean it afterward to avoid clogging.

Lamb's Wool Applicator

This applicator is ideal for smooth concrete surfaces and works well with high-solids (above 35%) solvent-based sealers, such as polyurethanes and epoxies. It's essentially a wool rag wrapped around a wooden block, providing a smooth and even finish.

T-Bar

A T-bar is a metal straight edge used to apply very high-solids-content (35% or more) polyurethane and epoxy sealers to smooth concrete surfaces. It helps you achieve a precise and uniform finish.

Microfiber Applicator

For water-based low-solids sealers on smooth concrete surfaces, a microfiber applicator is a great choice. This synthetic-fiber pad allows you to achieve very thin and even coverage by pushing and pulling the sealer to maintain a wet edge.

LPHV (Low-Pressure, High-Volume) or Airless Sprayers

While these sprayers can be expensive, they offer precise control over application rates and can handle a wide range of sealers. They are suitable for both water- and solvent-based products and are an excellent option for sealing large areas quickly and efficiently.

Remember, always refer to the manufacturer's instructions for specific recommendations on application tools and techniques.

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How to seal expansion joints on your concrete patio

Sealing the expansion joints on your concrete patio is an important step to ensure longevity and protect the patio from damage. Here's a step-by-step guide on how to do it:

Step 1: Clean the Expansion Joints

Use a leaf blower or a broom to clear any debris, pebbles, dirt, or loose material from the expansion joints. You can also use a scraper to remove stubborn debris and old caulk. Ensure you don't pull up too much dirt as the expansion joints go down to the soil.

Step 2: Prepare the Expansion Joints

Select a backer rod or bond breaker that is slightly larger than the expansion joint. This will create friction to hold the backer rod in place. Cut the backer rod to the length of the joint and press it down into the expansion joint, leaving a space of about 1/8 inch to 1/2 inch for the sealant.

Step 3: Apply the Sealant

Using a caulk gun, dispense the sealant into the expansion joint. You can use a flexible sealant like a self-levelling or non-sag polyurethane sealant. Move the nozzle slowly along the length of the joint, allowing the sealant to settle. For self-levelling sealants, you may need to apply a second coat immediately to ensure proper coverage.

Step 4: Clean Up and Dry

Use paper towels or a commercial solvent to clean up any excess sealant immediately. Once the sealant is dry, your concrete patio expansion joints are sealed and protected!

Additional Tips:

  • Choose a day with good weather conditions, ideally with temperatures between 40-85°F, and no rain forecast for the next 24 hours.
  • Ensure the expansion joints are completely dry before applying the sealant.
  • For a consistent colour, you can sprinkle play sand over the joints while the caulk is still wet and sweep away the excess once it cures.
  • Always wear protective gear, including eye protection and gloves, when working with sealants.
  • If you're sealing a large area, you may want to consider using a paint roller or a garden sprayer for quicker application.

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How to know when it's time to reseal your concrete patio

Sealing your concrete patio is essential to protecting it from damage and ensuring its longevity. While the recommended frequency for resealing varies from annually to every few years, there are several signs that indicate it's time to reseal your concrete patio. Here are some telltale signs that your patio needs a new coat of sealant:

Loss of Colour or Sheen

Examine the surface of your concrete patio. If you notice a loss of colour or a dull appearance, it's a sign that the sealant is no longer effective. The sealer plays a vital role in enhancing the colour and protecting the surface layer of the concrete. When the sealant wears off, the colour may fade, and the concrete may appear lacklustre.

Water Absorption

An easy way to test if your patio needs resealing is to clean the concrete thoroughly, let it dry completely, and then place a drop of water on the surface. If the concrete immediately absorbs the water and darkens, it indicates that the sealant has worn off. On the other hand, if the water beads up and stays on the surface, the sealant is still intact.

Appearance of Cracks or Pitting

Inspect your concrete patio for any signs of cracks or pitting. Over time, concrete surfaces can develop cracks due to temperature fluctuations or ground movement. Sealing the cracks promptly is essential to prevent them from expanding and causing further damage. Pitting, or small holes, in the concrete can also form due to water intrusion or weathering, and resealing can help prevent this.

High-Traffic or Uncovered Areas

The frequency of resealing depends on the location and use of your concrete patio. If your patio is in a high-traffic area or is left uncovered and exposed to the elements, it may require more frequent resealing. High-traffic areas can wear down the sealant more quickly, and uncovered areas are more susceptible to damage from extreme weather conditions.

Climate Considerations

The climate in which you live can also impact the lifespan of your concrete sealant. Freezing and thawing cycles, desert heat, humidity, and extreme cold can all contribute to the degradation of the sealant. If you live in an area with harsh weather conditions, you may need to reseal your concrete patio more often.

By paying attention to these signs and staying vigilant, you can ensure that your concrete patio is properly sealed and protected. Resealing your patio according to its specific needs will help maintain its appearance, prevent damage, and extend its lifespan.

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The best type of sealer to use on your concrete patio

Sealing your concrete patio is an essential step in ensuring that it lasts a lifetime. With the right sealant, you can waterproof your patio and protect it from everyday wear and tear. Here are some of the best types of sealers to use:

Film-forming sealers

Film-forming sealers create a protective coating on the surface of the concrete. They include acrylic, epoxy, and urethane sealers, which are ideal for indoor flooring.

  • Acrylic sealers are either solvent-based or water-based. They are a good choice for those looking for simple application and affordable prices. They form a thin protective film that protects against moisture and chloride penetration. They can be used to enhance the colour of interior floors or protect exterior concrete surfaces from moisture and salt damage. Acrylic sealers dry within an hour and take 36 to 48 hours to cure. However, they wear out faster than other sealers and need to be reapplied every three years or so.
  • Epoxy sealers are more durable and can protect your concrete for up to 10 years. They add a thick, glossy finish to the surface and are ideal for floors in high-traffic areas, such as garages and basements. They are also commonly used for concrete countertops. However, they are subject to yellowing when exposed to UV light, so they are limited to interior use only.
  • Urethane sealers provide a protective film that is twice as thick as acrylic but not as thick as epoxy. They are available in water-based or solvent-based formulations and offer excellent abrasion and chemical resistance. They can be used for both interior and exterior applications and provide a non-yellowing, transparent, and durable finish.

Penetrating sealers

Penetrating sealers, on the other hand, penetrate deep into the concrete to form a chemical barrier. They are ideal for exterior applications as they provide excellent protection against harsh weather conditions.

  • Silane and siloxane sealers are penetrating sealers that protect exterior concrete surfaces from freeze-thaw damage and corrosion. They cure quickly (within 24 hours) and do not change the surface texture or appearance of the concrete.
  • Silicone, siloxane, and silicate sealers are specialty resins that mix to create a sealer that penetrates deep into the concrete. This type of sealer acts as a water repellent and prevents damage from oil, mildew, and other contaminants.

When choosing a sealer for your concrete patio, consider the specific needs of the surface, the desired finish, and the ease of application. Additionally, always follow the manufacturer's safety precautions and instructions for the best results.

Frequently asked questions

If your concrete patio is faded, discoloured, or worn, it could benefit from sealing. If water soaks into your concrete rather than beading on the surface, it's definitely time to reseal.

First, ensure your concrete patio is clean and dry. Sweep away any dirt and debris, and remove any grease, oil, mastic, or paint. You can use a degreaser to remove grease or oil, and a citrus-based cleaner to remove mastic. After cleaning, mop with floor cleaner and water, and allow the surface to dry for 24 hours.

You can use a paint roller or a pump-up sprayer to apply the sealer. Water-based sealers are best applied with a roller, while solvent-based sealers are best applied with a sprayer. Apply two thin coats of sealer to ensure a smooth and even finish.

The average lifetime of a good-quality sealer is typically three to five years, after which it will start to wear away.

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