The Ultimate Guide To Frame Siding: Benefits, Installation, And Maintenance

Siding is an exterior wall covering that protects a home from the elements, including sun, water, extreme temperatures, and wind. Siding options include vinyl, aluminum, concrete, engineered wood, and more traditional materials such as wood, stone, and stucco. Siding is also an important aesthetic choice, with certain types associated with distinct architectural styles. For example, clapboards are often used in Federal Colonial homes, while brick is a common choice for Georgian-style homes. When choosing siding, it is important to consider factors such as water resistance, energy efficiency, versatility, eco-friendliness, durability, and cost.

Siding materials

Siding is an important part of a home's exterior, protecting it from the elements and adding to its curb appeal. There are many different types of siding materials, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. Here is a detailed look at some of the most common siding materials:

Vinyl Siding

Vinyl is one of the most popular siding choices in the United States due to its affordability, low maintenance, and versatility in style, texture, and color. It is made from polyvinyl chloride (PVC), which makes it fire-resistant. However, vinyl siding is sensitive to excess UV light and harsh weather conditions, and it is prone to mould growth and rotting if not installed with a waterproof seal.

Wood Siding

Wood is one of the oldest and most aesthetically pleasing siding choices. It offers versatility in style and can be stained, painted, or arranged in different ways, such as shingles or vertical boards. Wood siding requires regular maintenance, including repainting or restaining to prevent insect and water damage. It is also a combustible material, which means it poses a fire risk.

Metal Siding

Metal siding, including aluminum and steel, is gaining popularity due to its durability, ease of installation, and low maintenance. It stands up well to harsh weather conditions and is impervious to pests and fire. However, metal siding offers little insulation and is not soundproof.

Fiber Cement Siding

Fiber cement siding is a durable and long-lasting option, especially for those living in intense climates. It is made from a mixture of wood pulp and cement, offering both durability and flexibility in aesthetics. Fiber cement siding can mimic the look of wood and other materials. However, it is expensive to install and is not energy-efficient.

Brick Siding

Brick siding is a classic and timeless option that has been used in the building industry for years due to its durability and charm. It is flame-retardant, insect-resistant, and able to withstand harsh elements. Brick siding can last up to 100 years and is recyclable and biodegradable. However, it is expensive to install and repair and requires a waterproof sealant.

Stone Veneer Siding

Stone veneer siding is a beautiful and inexpensive alternative to natural stone. It can be installed on any exterior surface and offers the same durability as real stone. However, it is non-recyclable, high maintenance, and more fragile than natural stone.

Composite Siding

Composite siding is made from various materials, mostly wood, and is known for its durability and beauty. It is ideal for homes in areas with heavy winds, sunlight, and harsh weather conditions. Composite siding is also relatively affordable. However, the colour may fade over time.

Manufactured Siding

Manufactured siding is a durable alternative to real wood, made from high-density fiberboard (HDF). It is water-resistant, fire-resistant, and resistant to insects, mildew, and most weather conditions. Manufactured siding is available in various styles and is easy to install. However, it is one of the most expensive siding options.

These are just some of the many siding materials available, each with its own unique characteristics. When choosing siding, it is important to consider factors such as durability, aesthetic value, cost, required maintenance, and suitability for the local climate.

Siding maintenance

Siding is the first line of defence for a house against the elements, and it also contributes to the overall appearance of a home. There are many types of siding, each with its own maintenance requirements. Here are some tips for maintaining some of the most common types of siding:

Vinyl Siding

Vinyl siding is a popular choice for homeowners due to its affordability, ease of installation, and variety of colours and styles. It is also relatively low-maintenance. You will not need to paint or stain it, and cleaning can be done with a power washer or by hand with a cloth, brush, and soapy water. However, vinyl siding may melt in hot temperatures and crack in extreme cold, so it is important to be cautious in these conditions.

Brick Siding

Brick siding is durable and long-lasting, with brick structures lasting hundreds of years when properly maintained. It is also eco-friendly, as it is made from natural materials such as clay and shale, and can be repurposed. Brick siding is fire-resistant, weather-resistant, and a great insulator. Maintenance typically involves cleaning the exterior once a year and occasional tuckpointing or repointing, which should be done by an experienced contractor.

Fiber Cement Siding

Fiber cement siding is a blend of cellulose fibre, Portland cement, sand, and silica, making it resistant to moisture, insect activity, and impacts. It is also flame retardant and comes in a range of colours, textures, and styles. Maintenance includes cleaning about once a year, keeping landscaping trimmed, and painting every 10 to 12 years. It is important to visually inspect the caulk annually and re-caulk as needed.

Stucco Siding

Stucco siding is a mix of Portland cement and sand, and it can also include an acrylic binder to prevent cracking. It is durable, affordable, and fire- and pest-resistant. Maintenance includes exterior cleaning two to three times a year, sealing every five years, and repairing any damage as needed. While stucco can last for over 50 years with proper maintenance, it may not be ideal for rainy climates as it can be difficult to repair.

Wood Siding

Wood siding requires regular upkeep, including repainting, securing against insect and water damage, and addressing issues like rotting and swelling. Thermally modified wood siding is a composite material that is more resistant to pest damage and swelling, and it will take on a rustic, weathered appearance over time. It should be cleaned annually or biennially and can last between 20 and 30 years with proper maintenance.

Aluminum Siding

Aluminum siding is a popular choice due to its colour options and ease of cleaning. However, it can be prone to denting and fading, which can lead to rust if not addressed in a timely manner. Repainting may be necessary every few years to address fading.

Stone Veneer Siding

Stone veneer siding offers the aesthetic appeal of traditional stone siding at a lower cost. It is fire- and moisture-resistant and does not require painting. Maintenance includes cleaning once a year and repointing as needed by a contractor.

Siding installation

Frame siding is the protective and decorative cladding that covers the exterior of a home or other building. There are several types of siding, including vinyl, wood, metal, and fiber cement. Vinyl siding is a popular choice for many homeowners and builders because it is long-lasting, durable, inexpensive, and relatively easy to install and maintain.

Remove Old Siding:

Use a zip tool to remove any old vinyl siding. Start at the end of the siding or a loose spot to insert the zip tool. Be careful as old vinyl siding can be brittle and splinter. Slide the zip tool under the bottom of the siding, hook the locking edge, pull down, and slide it horizontally to unlock it. After removing the siding piece, use a pry bar to remove the nails. If your siding is made of wood, use a pry bar to loosen it and a reciprocating saw to cut off any stubborn nails.

Prepare the Surface:

If your house doesn't already have it, add house wrap to act as a water barrier behind the siding and prevent water damage. Caulk any vertical seams in the house wrap, as well as areas between the house wrap and windows, and behind the J-channel. Securely nail all loose boards and wood trim, and replace any rotten boards. Scrape away old caulking around windows and doors to ensure a smooth surface for the new siding.

Create Chalk Lines:

Outline your siding project by snapping chalk lines around the house to serve as a guide for installing the new siding. This will help ensure a straight and level installation.

Install the Vinyl Siding Starter Strip:

Place the starter strip even with the top of the chalk line, leaving room for corner posts. Nail the starter strip to the wall, leaving a 1/4-inch gap for expansion. Use a wider starter strip that starts about an inch below the top of the foundation for better protection against rain and snow.

Place Inside Corner Posts:

Install inside corner pieces about 3/4 inch below the starter strip. If you're using vinyl soffit, leave room below the underside of the eaves for accessories. Nail the inside corner pieces to the adjoining walls, starting at the top, and then place the rest of the nails 8 to 12 inches down. Do not nail tightly, and splice pieces as needed, overlapping them by about 1/4 inch.

Place Outside Corner Post Pieces:

Allow a 1/4-inch gap at the top of the outside corner post pieces where they meet the eaves. Ensure the post extends about 3/4 inch past the bottom of the starter strip. Follow the same nailing process as the inside corner posts, nailing loosely and splicing where needed.

Cap Outside Corner Posts:

Use 2-1/2-inch flaps and bend them to close off the post, securing it in place.

Install J-Channel Trim Around Windows and Doors:

Add J-channel trim to all four sides of windows and doors. Install the casing and nail it loosely to the wall. Install the bottom and side J-channels, ensuring they are flush with the sides. Cut a tab in the bottom of the side J-channels and fold it under. After installing the top J-channel, cut and bend the drain tab.

Finish the Corners:

Install the bottom J-channel so it extends past the side casing by about the width of the J-channel face. Cut a 3/4-inch notch in the back of each end, install, and bend the tab. Miter the corners of the J-channel for a neat and finished look.

Start Installing Siding Panels:

Snap the vinyl siding into the starter strip and nail it to the wall. Leave a gap where the panels meet the corner posts. Overlap each panel by 1 to 1-1/4 inches on the pre-notched cutouts. Leave the last nail on each panel about 10 inches from the end for a neat overlap.

Work Your Way Up:

Continue installing vinyl siding panels, working your way up and around doors and windows. Remember to allow for expansion and contraction of the siding due to weather changes.

Finish the Top Course Around Gable:

When you reach the gable, nail the J-channel to the sidewall, flush with the gable. Interlock the panel with the siding panel below and cut and fit it to one side of the gable. Repeat the process for the other side. Add caulk to the bottom of the top course for a tighter seal and extra protection from moisture.

Complete the Installation:

Finish the installation by caulking any remaining gaps and sealing the siding. Remember to allow for proper expansion and contraction gaps, especially in colder weather.

Siding costs

The cost of siding varies depending on the type of siding material, the size of the house, the complexity of the design, and the local labour rates.

Vinyl Siding

Vinyl is the most popular siding choice in the US. It is affordable, requires minimal upkeep, and offers a wide range of colours and textures. Vinyl siding costs between $4.50 to $11 per square foot, with the average cost of installation being $1.50 to $4.50 per square foot on top of material costs.

Wood Siding

Wood siding is considered one of the most aesthetically pleasing choices. It can be painted any colour and is more fire-resistant than some other popular siding options. Wood siding costs between $4 to $15 per square foot. Longer-lasting, rot-resistant species such as redwood and cedar are at the higher end of the cost spectrum.

Fiber Cement Siding

Fiber cement siding is made from a mixture of wood fibres, sand, and cement. It can be made to look like natural wood and is more insect-proof, fireproof, and resistant to rot than natural wood. Fiber cement siding costs between $5 to $10 per square foot.

Stucco Siding

Stucco is a mixture of sand and cement or lime. It is durable and provides heat and noise insulation. Stucco requires a specialised artisan to install and tends to cost between $8 to $13 per square foot.

Brick Siding

Brick siding costs between $8 to $21 per square foot. The wide variation in costs is due to the different colours and installation patterns available. Brick requires minimal maintenance but may be undesirable in some climates due to its ability to hold heat.

Stone Siding

Stone is one of the most expensive siding options. It is highly durable and resistant to fire, insects, moisture, and extreme temperatures. Stone siding can cost up to $50 per square foot for premium products.

Aluminium Siding

Aluminium siding is pricier than vinyl but offers plenty of colour choices. It is fire-resistant and insect-proof but is soft and prone to damage. Aluminium siding costs between $1.75 to $2.60 per square foot.

Steel Siding

Steel siding is a modern-looking option with limited colour choices. It is water-resistant, eco-friendly, fireproof, and insect-proof. Steel is moderately expensive due to the heavy sheets requiring longer installation times and higher labour costs.

Additional Costs

There are several additional costs to consider when installing siding. These include the removal of existing siding, permits and inspections, painting and trim, and maintenance.

Siding styles

Siding is an important aspect of a home's exterior, offering protection from the elements and contributing to its overall aesthetic appeal. Here is a guide to some of the most popular siding styles:

Horizontal Siding or Lap Siding

Horizontal siding, also known as lap siding or clapboard siding, is a timeless and versatile choice that suits various architectural styles. It consists of long, horizontal boards that overlap each other, providing excellent weather protection.

There are several types of horizontal siding:

• Traditional lap siding has a smooth and uniform appearance, making it suitable for both modern and historical homes.
• Dutch lap siding features a concave face and a notch at the top, creating a shadow line for added depth and texture.
• Beaded seam siding includes a beaded edge along the bottom of each board, adding visual interest and enhancing water shedding capabilities.
• Log lap siding mimics natural logs with rounded profiles, giving a cozy, woodsy charm to homes aiming for a rustic, log cabin look.

Vertical Siding or Panel Siding

Vertical siding, also known as panel siding, adds a distinctive and modern touch to a home's exterior. It can be used on the entire exterior or as an accent to highlight specific architectural features.

Some popular types of vertical siding include:

• Board and Batten siding consists of wide boards installed vertically, with narrower battens covering the seams, creating depth and dimension. It is commonly used in modern farmhouse and rustic designs.
• Shiplap siding has gained popularity for its sleek, clean lines and minimalist look, blending contemporary and classic charm.
• Tongue and Groove siding offers a polished, seamless appearance with its interlocking design, providing a modern and refined look along with strong protection against the elements.

Shingle and Shake Siding

Shingle and shake siding are often used interchangeably, but they have distinct differences. Shake siding is split from a traditional cedar wood block, resulting in a rough, rustic appearance, while shingle siding is sawn for a more clean-cut edge.

Some popular options within these styles include:

• Split shake siding provides a rustic and natural appearance with its rough and uneven texture, perfect for achieving a cabin-like charm.
• Staggered shake or shingle siding features varying lengths, creating a textured, uneven edge for a more rustic and playful look.
• Straight edge shingle siding offers a clean, uniform, and polished appearance with its precisely cut edges, working well with traditional and contemporary designs.
• Scalloped shingle siding, also known as fish scale shingles, has rounded edges that give a distinctive, decorative look often associated with Victorian or Queen Anne-style homes.

Other Siding Styles

In addition to the above, there are other siding styles worth mentioning:

• Brick siding is a stately and permanent-looking choice that can last over a hundred years with minimal upkeep. It is fire-resistant, insect-proof, and provides good insulation.
• Stone siding, while expensive, is nearly impenetrable and extremely durable, offering resistance to fire, insects, moisture, and extreme temperatures with minimal maintenance.
• Stucco siding, a mix of lime, sand, and cement, is long-lasting and damage can be easily and cheaply repaired. However, it may not be suitable for areas prone to earthquakes or heavy rainfall as it can crack and foster mould growth.

Frequently asked questions